
Candide is an operetta with music composed by Leonard Bernstein, based on the novella of the same name by Voltaire. The operetta was first performed in 1956 with a libretto by Lillian Hellman; but since 1974 it has been generally performed with a book by Hugh Wheeler which is more faithful to Voltaire's novel. The primary lyricist was the poet Richard Wilbur. Other contributors to the text were John Latouche, Dorothy Parker, Lillian Hellman, Stephen Sondheim, Leonard Bernstein, John Mauceri, and John Wells. Maurice Peress and Hershy Kay contributed orchestrations. Although unsuccessful at its premiere, Candide has now overcome the unenthusiastic reaction of early audiences and critics and achieved enormous popularity. It is very popular among major music schools as a student show because of the quality of its music and the opportunities it offers to student singers.

Version 16
Candide (1989-12-Barbican Theatre-London)
Type de série: ConcertThéâtre: Barbican (Londres - Angleterre) Salle : TheatreDurée : Nombre : 2 représentationsPremière Preview : InconnuPremière : mardi 12 décembre 1989Dernière : mercredi 13 décembre 1989Mise en scène : Jonathan Miller • John Wells • Chorégraphie : Anthony Van Laast • Producteur : Avec : Voltaire/Dr. Pangloss/Cacambo/Martin … Nickolas Grace
Candide … Mark Beudert
Cunegonde … Marilyn Hill Smith & Rosemary Ashe
Old Lady … Patricia Routledge
Maximillian … Mark Tinkler
Paquette … Gaynor Miles
Captain / Governor / Vanderdendur / Crook … Bonaventure Bottone
Baron/First Officer/Grand Inquisitor/Slave Driver/Prince Ragotski …
Leon Greene
Second Officer/Don Isaachar/Father Bernard/The Anabaptist … Howard Goorney
Baroness/Waitress … Elaine MackillopCommentaires : Also known as The Final Revised Version - Based upon the 1988 Scottish Opera Production
Candide est sans doute l’une des oeuvres les plus ambitieuses de Leonard Bernstein. Créée un an avant West Side Story, cette adaptation du conte initiatique de Voltaire hésite entre le musical et la grande tradition lyrique. Boudé par le public new-yorkais lors de sa création, l’opéra fut maintes fois remanié du vivant de son auteur.
1 Candide est une adaption à la scène d'une oeuvre littéraire: "Candide" Voltaire.
Les origines du musical)
Candide was originally conceived by Lillian Hellman as a play with incidental music in the style of her previous work, The Lark. Bernstein, however, was so excited about this idea that he convinced Hellman to do it as a "comic operetta"; she then wrote the original libretto for the operetta. Many lyricists worked on the show: first James Agee (whose work was ultimately not used), then Dorothy Parker, John Latouche and Richard Wilbur. In addition, the lyrics to "I Am Easily Assimilated" were done by Leonard and Felicia Bernstein, and Hellman wrote the words to "Eldorado". Hershy Kay orchestrated all but the overture, which Bernstein did himself.
Un flop
Candide first opened on Broadway as a musical on December 1, 1956. The premiere production was directed by Tyrone Guthrie and conducted by Samuel Krachmalnick. The sets and costumes were designed by Oliver Smith and Irene Sharaff, respectively. It was choreographed by Anna Sokolow. It featured Robert Rounseville as Candide, Barbara Cook as Cunégonde, Max Adrian as Dr. Pangloss, and Irra Petina as the Old Lady. This production was a box office disaster, running only two months for a total of 73 performances. Hellman's libretto was criticized in a The New York Times review as being too serious: “When Voltaire is ironic and bland, [Hellman] is explicit and vigorous. When he makes lightning, rapier thrusts, she provides body blows. Where he is diabolical, [she] is humanitarian ... the libretto ... seems too serious for the verve and mocking lyricism of Leonard Bernstein's score which, without being strictly 18th century, maintains, with its gay pastiche of past styles and forms, a period quality."
The first London production debuted at the Saville Theatre on Shaftesbury Avenue on 30 April 1959 (after playing for a short time at the New Theatre, Oxford and Manchester's opera house). This production used Lillian Hellman's book with an additional credit 'assisted by Michael Stewart', and it was directed by Robert Lewis with choreography by Jack Cole. The cast included Denis Quilley as Candide, Mary Costa as Cunegonde, Laurence Naismith as Dr. Pangloss and Edith Coates as the Old Lady. It ran for 60 performances.
Des revivals et des réécritures
Without Bernstein's involvement, the show underwent a series of Broadway revivals under the direction of Harold Prince. Lillian Hellman, the author of the original book, refused to let any of her work be used in the revival, so Prince commissioned a new, one-act book from Hugh Wheeler. The sole element of Hellman's book that remained was her invented name for Cunegonde's brother: "Maximilian". The character has no given name in Voltaire's novella. The lyrics were worked on by the team of artists listed above. This 105-minute version, omitting over half of the musical numbers, was known as the "Chelsea version", and opened in 1973 at Robert Kalfin's Chelsea Theater Center in the Brooklyn Academy of Music, before moving to Broadway in 1974 and running there for nearly two years. The 1974 Broadway revival starred Mark Baker (Candide), Maureen Brennan (Cunegonde), Sam Freed (Maximilian), Lewis J. Stadlen (Dr. Pangloss), and June Gable as the Old Lady.
The Chelsea version was marked by a unique production style. Eugene Lee helped Prince make sure that the multi-scene show would not get bogged down in set changes - he created platforms for the action that allowed scenes to change by refocusing attention instead of changing scenery. Actors performed on platforms in front, behind, and sometimes between audience members. Some sat on bleachers, others on stools on the stage floor. As the story unfolded, so did the stage, with sections falling from above, opening, closing, flying apart or coming together. A 13-member orchestra played from four areas. The conductor, who wore period costume and gold braid, could be seen by audience and musicians alike on television monitors.
In response to requests from opera companies for a more legitimate version, the show was expanded on the basis of Wheeler's book. The two-act "opera house version" contains most of Bernstein's music, including some songs that were not orchestrated for the original production. It was first performed by the New York City Opera in 1982 under Prince's direction, and ran for thirty-four performances. Opera companies around the world have performed this version, and the production was a staple of New York City Opera's repertoire.
In 1988, by which point Hellman had died, Bernstein started working alongside John Mauceri, then director of Scottish Opera, to produce a version that expressed his final wishes regarding Candide. Wheeler died before he could work again on the text, and John Wells was engaged. The new show was first produced by Scottish Opera with the credit "Adapted for Scottish Opera by John Wells and John Mauceri". After Bernstein had attended the final rehearsals and the opening in Glasgow, he decided that the time had come for the composer himself to re-examine Candide. Taking the Scottish Opera version as a basis, he made changes in orchestration, shuffled the order of numbers in the second Act, and altered the endings of several numbers. Bernstein then conducted and recorded what he called his "final revised version" with Jerry Hadley as Candide, June Anderson as Cunegonde, Christa Ludwig as the Old Lady, and Adolph Green as Dr. Pangloss. Deutsche Grammophon released a DVD (2006, 147 min.), in 5.0 surround sound, of the 13 December 1989 recording at the London Barbican Centre, with a bonus video prologue and epilogue from the composer and a printed insert "Bernstein and Voltaire" by narrative collaborator Wells explaining what Bernstein wanted in this final revised version.
Ten years later (1999), when the Royal National Theatre in the UK decided to produce Candide, another revision was deemed necessary, and Wheeler's book was rewritten by John Caird. This book stuck far closer to Voltaire's original text than any previous version. The songs remained largely as Bernstein intended, bar a few more tweaks from Sondheim and Wilbur. This, the "RNT version", was a major success and has subsequently been performed a number of times.
Candide was revived on Broadway in 1997, directed again by Harold Prince. The cast included: Jason Danieley (Candide), Harolyn Blackwell (Cunegonde), Jim Dale (Dr. Pangloss), Andrea Martin (Old Lady), and Brent Barrett (Maximilian).
Lonny Price directed a 2004 semi-staged concert production with the New York Philharmonic under conductor Marin Alsop. It ran for four performances, May 5–8, 2004. This production was also broadcast on PBS's Great Performances. The first-night performance was recorded and released as a DVD (2005, 116 min., 5.1 sound). The cast featured Paul Groves as Candide, Kristin Chenoweth as Cunegonde, Sir Thomas Allen as Dr. Pangloss, Patti LuPone as the Old Lady,and Janine LaManna as Paquette, with choruses from both Westminster Choir College and the Juilliard School completing the cast. This production included two rarely sung duets between Cunegonde and the Old Lady, "We Are Women" and "Quiet", which were included in the more extensive Bernstein's 1989 final revised version.
In 2006, in honor of the 50th anniversary of the creation of Candide, the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris produced a new production under the direction of Robert Carsen. The production was to move to Milan's Teatro alla Scala in 2007 and to the English National Opera in 2008. The production transforms the proscenium into a giant 1950s-era TV set, and has Voltaire, appearing as the narrator, changing channels between certain scenes. Carsen sets the action in a 1950s-1960s world, with an American slant commenting on contemporary world politics. This production was filmed and broadcast on Arte. For an open-house day in French opera houses on February 17, 2007, this video was projected in high definition on a screen filling the proscenium of the Théâtre du Châtelet.
This list is from Bernstein's "final revised version", recorded in 1989.
Acte I
Overture
Westphalia Chorale
Life Is Happiness Indeed
The Best of All Possible Worlds
Universal Good
Oh, Happy We
It Must Be So (Candide's Meditation)
Westphalia
Battle Music
Candide's Lament
Dear Boy
Auto-da-fé (What a day)
Candide Begins His Travels; It Must Be Me (2nd Meditation)
The Paris Waltz
Glitter and Be Gay
You Were Dead, You Know
I Am Easily Assimilated (Old Lady's Tango)
Quartet Finale
Acte II
Universal Good
My Love
We Are Women
The Pilgrim's Procession - Alleluia
Quiet
Introduction To Eldorado
The Ballad Of Eldorado
Words, Words, Words
Bon Voyage
The Kings' Barcarolle
Money, Money, Money
What's the Use?
The Venice Gavotte
Nothing More Than This
Universal Good
Make Our Garden Grow
Candide (tenor)
Pangloss (baritone; doubles with Martin in the 1956 stage version and Bernstein's 1989 revision. In the Hal Prince versions, he doubles with several other characters, including the narrator Voltaire and the Governor.)
Maximilian (baritone, but can be played by a tenor; is a speaking role in the original 1956 version.)
Cunégonde (soprano)
Paquette (alto in versions of the musical from 1974 on. Although a major character in Voltaire's novella and all revivals of the show, she is a walk-on part with only one line in the 1956 stage version.)
The Old Lady (alto)
Martin (baritone. Doubles with Pangloss in the 1956 version and some later versions. Does not appear in the 1973 version.)
Cacambo (speaking role. Does not appear in the 1956 or 1973 versions. Doubles with Pangloss and Martin in Bernstein's 1989 revisions.)
Aucun dossier informatif complémentaire concernant Candide

Version 1
Candide (1956-10-Colonial Theatre-Boston)
Type de série: Pre-Broadway Try OutThéâtre: Colonial Theatre (Boston - Etats-Unis) Durée : 2 semaines Nombre : Première Preview : InconnuPremière : lundi 29 octobre 1956Dernière : samedi 17 novembre 1956Mise en scène : Tyrone Guthrie • Chorégraphie : Anna Sokolow • Producteur : Avec : Dr. Pangloss/Martin … Max Adrian
Candide … Robert Rounseville
Cunegonde/Scrub Lady … Barbara Cook
Old Lady/Madame Sofronia … Irra Petina
Governor of Buenos Aires … William Olvis
Baron/Prince Ivan … Robert Mesrobian
Maximilian … Louis Edmonds
King of Hesse / Very, Very Old Insquisitor/Captain … Conrad Bain
Hesses' General/Prefect of Police … Norman Roland
Man/Marquis Milton … Boris Aplon
Woman … Doris Okerson
Dutch Lady/Grocery Lady … Margaret Roy
Dutch Man … Tony Drake
Atheist/Bear Man/Pilgrim Father … Robert Rue
Arab Conjurer/Croupier … Robert Barry
Infant Casmira … Maria Novotna
Lawyer/Ferone … William Chapman
Very Old Inquisitor/Alchemist/Duke of Naples … Charles Aschmann
Junkman … Robert Cosden
Wine-Seller … Stanley Grover
Bear … Charles Morrell
Lady Richmond … Thomas Pyle
French Lady/Duchess … Maud Scheerer
Sultan Milton … Joseph Bernard
Pilgrim Mother … Dorothy Krebill
Lady Toothly … George Blackwell
Lady Cutely … Dori Davis
Lady Soothly … Fred Jones

Version 2
Candide (1956-11-Shubert Theatre-New Heaven)
Type de série: Pre-Broadway Try OutThéâtre: Shubert Theatre (New Heaven - Etats-Unis) Durée : Nombre : Première Preview : InconnuPremière : lundi 19 novembre 1956Dernière : samedi 24 novembre 1956Mise en scène : Tyrone Guthrie • Chorégraphie : Anna Sokolow • Producteur : Avec : Dr. Pangloss/Martin … Max Adrian
Candide … Robert Rounseville
Cunegonde/Scrub Lady … Barbara Cook
Old Lady/Madame Sofronia … Irra Petina
Governor of Buenos Aires … William Olvis
Baron/Prince Ivan … Robert Mesrobian
Maximilian … Louis Edmonds
King of Hesse / Very, Very Old Insquisitor/Captain … Conrad Bain
Hesses' General/Prefect of Police … Norman Roland
Man/Marquis Milton … Boris Aplon
Woman … Doris Okerson
Dutch Lady/Grocery Lady … Margaret Roy
Dutch Man … Tony Drake
Atheist/Bear Man/Pilgrim Father … Robert Rue
Arab Conjurer/Croupier … Robert Barry
Infant Casmira … Maria Novotna
Lawyer/Ferone … William Chapman
Very Old Inquisitor/Alchemist/Duke of Naples … Charles Aschmann
Junkman … Robert Cosden
Wine-Seller … Stanley Grover
Bear … Charles Morrell
Lady Richmond … Thomas Pyle
French Lady/Duchess … Maud Scheerer
Sultan Milton … Joseph Bernard
Pilgrim Mother … Dorothy Krebill
Lady Toothly … George Blackwell
Lady Cutely … Dori Davis
Lady Soothly … Fred Jones

Version 3
Candide (1956-12-Martin Beck Theatre-Broadway)
Type de série: Original BroadwayThéâtre: Al Hirschfeld Theatre (Broadway - Etats-Unis) Durée : 2 mois Nombre : 73 représentationsPremière Preview : InconnuPremière : samedi 01 décembre 1956Dernière : samedi 02 février 1957Mise en scène : Tyrone Guthrie • Chorégraphie : Anna Sokolow • Producteur : Avec : Max Adrian (Dr. Pangloss, Martin), Barbara Cook (Cunegonde, Scrub Lady), Robert Rounseville (Candide), Robert Mesrobrian (Baron, Prince Ivan), Louis Edmonds (Maximillian), Conrad Bain (King of Hesse, Very, Very Old Inquisitor, Captain), Norman Roland (Hesse’s General, Prefect of Police), Boris Aplon (Man, Marquis Milton), Doris Okerson (Woman), Margaret Roy (Dutch Woman, Grocery Lady, Beggar), Tony Drake (Dutch Man), Robert Rue (Atheist, Bear Man, Pilgrim Father), Robert Barry (Arab Conjuror), Maria Novotna (Infant Casmira), William Chapman (Lawyer, Ferone), Charles Aschmann (Very Old Inquisitor, Alchemist, Duke of Naples), Robert Cosden (Junkman, Beggar), Stanley Grover (Wine Seller), Charles Morrell (Bear), Thomas Pyle (Beggar, Officer, Lady Richmond), Maud Scheerer (French Lady, Duchess), Irra Petina (Old Lady, Madame Sofronia), Joseph Bernard (Sultan Milton), Dorothy Krebill (Pilgrim Mother), William Olvis (Governor of Buenos Aires), George Blackwell (Officer, Lady Toothly), Tony Drake (Officer), Robert Barry (Croupier), Dori Davis (Lady Cutely), Fred Jones (Lady Soothly); Singers: Peggyann Alderman, Charles Aschmann, Robert Barry, George Blackwell, Dori Davis, Jack DeLon, Tony Drake, Naomi Farr, Stanley Grover, Fred Jones, Mollie Knight, Dorothy Krebill, Vivian Laurence, Henry Lawrence, Robert Mesrobian, Lois Monroe, Doris Okerson, Thomas Pyle, Margaret Roy, Robert Rue, Mara Shorr, Dorothy White; Dancers: Alvin Beam, Charles Czarny, Marvin Gordon, Carmen Gutierrez, Charles Morrell, Frances Noble, Liane Plane, Gloria StevensCommentaires longs: Contrary to popular belief, the original production of Candide created quite a stir with heavy acclaim going to Leonard Bernstein.Presse : “When Voltaire is ironic and bland, [Hellman] is explicit and vigorous. When he makes lightning, rapier thrusts, she provides body blows. Where he is diabolical, [she] is humanitarian ... the libretto ... seems too serious for the verve and mocking lyricism of Leonard Bernstein's score which, without being strictly 18th century, maintains, with its gay pastiche of past styles and forms, a period quality.”

Version 4
Candide (1958-09-US Concert Tour)
Type de série: US TourThéâtre: US Tour ( - Etats-Unis) Durée : 3 mois Nombre : Première Preview : InconnuPremière : lundi 01 septembre 1958Dernière : samedi 06 décembre 1958Mise en scène : David Alexander • Chorégraphie : Producteur : Avec : Dr. Pangloss/Martin … Martyn Green
Candide … Robert Rounseville
Old Lady … Irra Petina
Cunegonde … Mary Costa
First Inquisitor/Sultan/Governor/Ferrone … Lee Bergere
First Man With Bread/Marquis/Extortionist … Charles May
Maximilian … Jack Matthew
Woman From Buenos Aires … Claire Alexander
Madame … Jeanne Beauvais
Baron Thunderten Tronch/Second Man With Bread/Pilgrim … Ralston HillCommentaires longs: The tour opened at Buck's Country Playhouse in Pennsylvania. It toured for seven weeks. All non-principal roles were performed by local talent (a common practice in touring productions).
Bucks County Playhouse [New Hope, PA]: September 1958 - September 1958
Macky Auditorium [Boulder, CO]: Fall 1958 - Fall 1958
Constitution Hall [Washington, DC]: 12/10/1958
Aycock Auditorium [Greensboro, NC] : 15/10/1958
War Memorial Opera House [San Francisco, CA]: 11/11/1958
Berkeley Community Theater [Berkeley, CA]: 12/11/1958
Pabst Theater [Milwaukee, WI]: 5/12/1958 - 6/12/1958

Version 7
Candide (1959-04-Saville Theatre-London)
Type de série: Original LondonThéâtre: Saville Theatre (Londres - Angleterre) Durée : Nombre : 60 représentationsPremière Preview : InconnuPremière : jeudi 30 avril 1959Dernière : InconnuMise en scène : Robert Lewis • Chorégraphie : Jack Cole • Producteur : Avec : Laurence Naismith - Dr. Pangloss / Martin
Denis Quilley - Candide
Mary Costa - Cunegonde
Edith Coates - Old Lady
Ron Moody - Governor of Buenos Aires
Dennis Stephenson - Maximillian / Second Inquisitioner
Vernon Rees - Baron Thunder Ten Tronch / Extortionist / Dutch Man
Vincent Charles - King of Hesse / Atheist
Alan Thomas - Pastry Cook / First Senor
Lorna Lee - Pastry Cook's Wife / Duchess
Patricia Moore - Cunegonde's Maid
Margot Barry - A Guest
Patricia Kilgarriff - Another Guest
Lauverne Gray - Flower Girl
Bryon O'Leary - Policeman / Second Senor / Second Lady Mary
Silvia Beamish - Swiss Woman
Roy Pattison - Spanish Gentleman / Guard / Chief of Police
Victor Spinetti - First Inquisitioner / Marquis Milton
James Cairncross - Third Inquisitioner / Sultan Milton
Shirley Lee - Woman Prisoner
Rudi Szigeti - Executioner
Lawrence Richardson - Croupier
Leighton Camden - A Desperate Gentleman
Tom Fletcher - First Lady Mary
Bernard Jamieson - Third Lady Mary
Brian Scott - Fourth Lady MaryCommentaires longs: "We Are Women" was added to the production for Cundegonde and the Old Lady.

Version 8
Candide (1968-11-Philharmonic Hall-New York) Concert
Type de série: ConcertThéâtre: Phillarmonic Hall (New-York - Etats-Unis) Durée : Nombre : 1 représentationsPremière Preview : InconnuPremière : dimanche 10 novembre 1968Dernière : dimanche 10 novembre 1968Mise en scène : Chorégraphie : Producteur : Commentaires longs: "We Are Women" was retained from the London version for Cundegonde and the Old Lady.

Version 9
Candide (1971-07-US Tour)
Type de série: US TourThéâtre: US Tour ( - Etats-Unis) Durée : Nombre : Première Preview : InconnuPremière : mardi 06 juillet 1971Dernière : samedi 13 novembre 1971Mise en scène : Chorégraphie : Producteur : Commentaires longs: Cuts were done as the tour progressed.
Opened July 6, 1971 at the Curran Theatre, San Francisco
Opened August 24, 1971 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles
Opened (?) at the Kennedy Center, Washington DC Closed November 13, 1971

Version 10
Candide (1973-12-Brooklyn Academy of Music-Off Off Broadway Revival)
Type de série: RevivalThéâtre: Brooklyn Academy of Music (Broadway (Off-Off) - Etats-Unis) Durée : 1 mois Nombre : 48 représentationsPremière Preview : mardi 11 décembre 1973Première : mercredi 19 décembre 1973Dernière : dimanche 20 janvier 1974Mise en scène : Harold Prince • Chorégraphie : Patricia Birch • Producteur : Avec : Dr. Voltaire/Dr. Pangloss/Governor/Host/Sage … Lewis J. Stadlen
Candide … Mark Baker
Paquette … Deborah St. Darr
Cunegonde … Maureen Brennan
Maximilian … Sam Freed
Old Lady … June GableCommentaires longs: Sera transféré à Broadway, au Broadway Theatre

Version 11
Candide (1974-03-Broadway Theatre-Broadway Revival)
Type de série: RevivalThéâtre: Broadway Theatre (Broadway - Etats-Unis) Durée : Nombre : 740 représentationsPremière Preview : mardi 05 mars 1974Première : dimanche 10 mars 1974Dernière : dimanche 04 janvier 1976Mise en scène : Harold Prince • Chorégraphie : Patricia Birch • Producteur : Avec : Dr. Voltaire/Dr. Pangloss/Governor/Host/Sage … Lewis J. Stadlen
Candide … Mark Baker
Paquette … Deborah St. Darr
Cunegonde … Maureen Brennan
Maximilian … Sam Freed
Old Lady … June GableCommentaires longs: Transfert à Broadway de la verssion de l'off-off-Broadway de 1973.

Version 12
Candide (1974-04-Frederic Mann Auditorium-Tel Aviv)
Type de série: ConcertThéâtre: Frederic Mann Auditorium (Tel Aviv - Israel) Durée : Nombre : 1 représentationsPremière Preview : InconnuPremière : samedi 09 avril 1977Dernière : samedi 09 avril 1977Mise en scène : Chorégraphie : Producteur : Commentaires longs: This was the World Premiere of the Candide Suite, a 50 minute performance piece for vocal soloists, chorus and orchestra.

Version 13
Candide (1982-10-New York State Theater-LCPA-New York)
Type de série: RevivalThéâtre: David H. Koch Theatre (New-York - Etats-Unis) Durée : 3 semaines Nombre : 34 représentationsPremière Preview : InconnuPremière : mercredi 13 octobre 1982Dernière : mardi 09 novembre 1982Mise en scène : Harold Prince • Chorégraphie : Producteur : Avec : Voltaire / Dr. Pangloss / Businessman / Governor / Second Gambler / Sage [alternate] … John Lankston & Joseph McKee
Candide … David Eisler
Cunegonde … Erie Mills
Maximilian [alternate] … Scott Reeve & James Javore
Paquette … Deborah Darr
Old Lady [alternate] … Muriel Costa-Greenspon & Judith Christin
Huntsman/Bulgarian Soldier/Don … Don YuleCommentaires : Presented by The New York City Opera [Beverly Sills, General Director].
Premiere of what was then known as the "Opera House version."
During the first season, "Dear Boy" was in the production, but only the first verse (although it's heard complete on the recording made in 1985 and released in 1986). In later seasons, it was deleted altogether.
Song titles were listed in the playbill, but the characters who sang each song were not listed. We've transcribed it above as it appeared in the playbill for the first season.

Version 14
Candide (1986-05-Paper Mill Playhouse-Millburn)
Type de série: RevivalThéâtre: Paper Mill Playhouse (Milburn - Etats-Unis) Durée : 1 mois 1 semaine Nombre : Première Preview : InconnuPremière : mercredi 21 mai 1986Dernière : dimanche 29 juin 1986Mise en scène : Robert Johanson • Chorégraphie : Producteur : Avec : Cunegonde … Maureen Brennan & Rebecca Spencer
Candide … Robert Johanson
Voltaire/Dr. Pangloss/Governor/Other roles … Sal Mistretta
Baron/Grand Inquisitor/Slave Driver/Pasha-Prefect … Jack Harrold
Maximilian … Patrick Quinn

Version 15
Candide (1988-05-Scottish Opera Production-UK Revival)
Type de série: RevivalThéâtre: UK Revival (Londres - Angleterre)Durée : Nombre : Première Preview : InconnuPremière : mardi 17 mai 1988Dernière : samedi 07 janvier 1989Mise en scène : Jonathan Miller • John Wells • Chorégraphie : Anthony Van Laast • Producteur : Avec : Nickolas Grace (Pangloss/Voltaire), Mark Beudert (Candide), Rosemary Ashe/ Marilyn Hill Smith (Cunegonde), Patricia Routledge (Old Lady), Alexander Oliver, Gaynor Miles, Mark Tinkler, Leon Greene, Howard GoomeyCommentaires : This was the premiere of what was then known as the "final revised version."
After playing several performances in Glasgow, the production toured to Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, Liverpool, and Edinburgh.
It later transferred to the Old Vic in London.

Version 16
Candide (1989-12-Barbican Theatre-London)
Type de série: ConcertThéâtre: Barbican (Londres - Angleterre) Salle : TheatreDurée : Nombre : 2 représentationsPremière Preview : InconnuPremière : mardi 12 décembre 1989Dernière : mercredi 13 décembre 1989Mise en scène : Jonathan Miller • John Wells • Chorégraphie : Anthony Van Laast • Producteur : Avec : Voltaire/Dr. Pangloss/Cacambo/Martin … Nickolas Grace
Candide … Mark Beudert
Cunegonde … Marilyn Hill Smith & Rosemary Ashe
Old Lady … Patricia Routledge
Maximillian … Mark Tinkler
Paquette … Gaynor Miles
Captain / Governor / Vanderdendur / Crook … Bonaventure Bottone
Baron/First Officer/Grand Inquisitor/Slave Driver/Prince Ragotski …
Leon Greene
Second Officer/Don Isaachar/Father Bernard/The Anabaptist … Howard Goorney
Baroness/Waitress … Elaine MackillopCommentaires : Also known as The Final Revised Version - Based upon the 1988 Scottish Opera Production

Version 17
Candide (1997-04-George Gershwin Theatre-Broadway)
Type de série: RevivalThéâtre: Gershwin Theatre (Broadway - Etats-Unis) Durée : 2 mois 4 semaines Nombre : 10 previews - 104 représentationsPremière Preview : samedi 19 avril 1997Première : mardi 29 avril 1997Dernière : dimanche 27 juillet 1997Mise en scène : Harold Prince • Chorégraphie : Patricia Birch • Producteur : Avec : Candide … Jason Danieley
Cunegonde … Harolyn Blackwell & Glenda Balkan
Dr. Pangloss … Jim Dale
Old Lady … Andrea Martin
Maximilian … Brent Barrett
Paquette … Stacey Logan

Version 18
Candide (1998-12-Barbican Theatre-London)
Type de série: ConcertThéâtre: Barbican (Londres - Angleterre) Salle : TheatreDurée : Nombre : 2 représentationsPremière Preview : InconnuPremière : vendredi 18 décembre 1998Dernière : samedi 19 décembre 1998Mise en scène : Chorégraphie : Producteur : Commentaires longs: London Symphony Concerts - The London Symphony Orchestra - Conducted by Kent Nagano

Version 19
Candide (1999-04-Olivier Theatre-National Theatre-London)
Type de série: RevivalThéâtre: National Theatre (Londres - Angleterre) Salle : Olivier TheatreDurée : 9 mois 2 semaines Nombre : 101 représentationsPremière Preview : mardi 06 avril 1999Première : mardi 13 avril 1999Dernière : mardi 25 janvier 2000Mise en scène : Mark Mark Dorrell Dorrell • Chorégraphie : Producteur : Avec : Simon Russell Beale (Pangloss/Voltaire), Daniel Evans (Candide), Alex Kelly (Cunegonde) , Beverley Klein (Old Woman), Simon Day (Maximilian), Elizabeth Renihan (Paquette), Denis Quilley (Baron), Clive Rowe, David Burt, Alexander Hanson, Myra Sands, Richard HendersCommentaires : New version by John Caird (1999)
Additional lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, John Latouche, Lillian Hellman, Dorothy Parker and Leonard Bernstein
In spite of reservations over a small 14-piece band, and the consequent loss of the orchestral sweep of Bernstein’s score, this production was acclaimed as the very best in a whole succession of attempts to turn this sprawling, biting satire into a workable theatre piece. It had first been staged in the West End forty years earlier, with Denis Quilley in the title role - and he was once more in this revival, though in a different role. It ran until January of the following year.Presse : CHARLES SPENCER of THE DAILY TELEGRAPH loved the show saying, "THIS may not be the best of all possible worlds but during the National's new production of Candide, you often believe you are watching the best of all possible musicals."
ALASTAIR MACAULEY of THE FINANCIL TIMES says, "It has a few faults and blips. Yet all the energies of those involved carry it, entertainingly and touchingly, along its long journey, until it arrives at a rich blend of wisdom and innocence that is as rare in the theatre as it is in life."
JOHN PETER of THE SUNDAY TIMES says, "This is a tremendous production: it is bursting with energy, intelligence, and sheer infectious pleasure of creative spirit."
BENEDICT NIGHTINGALE of THE TIMES says " A pacey, picaresque story needs a narrator, and gets a fine one from Simon Russell Beale, who saunters the stage informing us of devastating evils in cool, incisive style."
However, NICOLAS DE JONGH of THE EVENING STANDARD was more cool about the show, saying "The slant of Caird's distinctly winsome production and the music and songs leave me only medium-warm in appreciation of this fifties cult musical."

Version 20
Candide (2004-05-Avery Fisher Hall-LCPA-New York)
Type de série: ConcertThéâtre: Avery Fisher Hall (New-York - Etats-Unis) Durée : Nombre : Première Preview : mercredi 05 mai 2004Première : mercredi 05 mai 2004Dernière : samedi 08 mai 2004Mise en scène : Lonny Price • Chorégraphie : Casey Nicholaw • Producteur : Avec : Candide … Paul Groves
Paquette … Janine LaManna
Baron … Michael McCormick
Baroness … Gina Ferrall
Cunegonde … Kristin Chenoweth
Maximilian … Jeff Blumenkrantz
Old Lady … Patti LuPone
Pangloss … Sir Thomas Allen
Governor … John Herrera
Don Issachar … Michael McCormickCommentaires longs: Director's Note: "[This production is a] hybrid; part Hal Prince's original cut down version, part the New York City Opera version, part the Scottish Opera House version, and part a standard concert version. As Candide is satire, the tone we're after...is light comic..."
Avec: Paul Groves - Candide / Kristin Chenoweth - Cunegonde / Sir Thomas Allen - Dr. Pangloss & Narrator & Voltaire / Patti LuPone - The Old Lady / Michael McCormick - Baron & Inquisitor & Don Issachar & Cacambo / Gina Ferrall - Baroness & Sheep / Janine LaManna - Paquette / John Herrera - Judge & Aide & Prefect & Governor / Jeff Blumenkrantz - Maximilian / Michael McElroy - Judge & Captain & Crook / Ray Wills - Heresy Agent & Archbishop & Priest / Patty Goble - Sheep / Stanford Olsen - Vanderdendur & Ragotski
Westminster Symphonic Choir and the Julliard Undergraduate Workshop - Company

Version 21
Candide (2006-12-Théâtre du Châtelet-Paris)
Type de série: RevivalThéâtre: Théâtre du Châtelet (Paris - France) Durée : 1 mois Nombre : 9 représentationsPremière Preview : InconnuPremière : vendredi 01 décembre 2006Dernière : dimanche 31 décembre 2006Mise en scène : Robert Carsen • Chorégraphie : Rob Ashford • Producteur : Avec : William Burden (Candide), Anna Christy (Cunegonde), Lambert Wilson (Voltaire / Pangloss / Martin), Kim Criswell (The Old Lady), John Daszak (Captain / Governor / Vanderdender / Ragotski), David Adam Moore (Maximilian), Jeni Bern (Paquette), Ferlyn Brass (Cacambo),
Jenny Wilson-Best (The Baroness), Thierry Laurion (The Beggar)Commentaires : This controversial production of a new adaptation was a co-production with La Scala and the English National Opera. The La Scala engagement was canceled after Stéphane Lissner, the artistic and general director of La Scala, saw the production in Paris, but later the decision was reversed and the production did play there as scheduled.
In this original incarnation of the production, Voltaire's narration was in French but the rest of the text was in English.

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Candide (2013-12-Menier Chocolate Factory-London)
Type de série: RevivalThéâtre: Menier Chocolate Factory (Londres - Angleterre) Durée : 2 mois 3 semaines Nombre : Première Preview : samedi 23 novembre 2013Première : lundi 02 décembre 2013Dernière : samedi 22 février 2014Mise en scène : Matthew White • Chorégraphie : Adam Cooper • Producteur : Avec : Fra Fee (Candide), Scarlett Strallen (Cunegonde), Cassidy Janson (Paquette), Ben Lewis (the Govenor and Vanderdendur), David Thaxton (Maximilian), Jackie Clune (Old Lady), James Dreyfus (Dr Pangloss), Carly Anderson, Jeremy Batt, Michael Cahill, Christopher Jacobsen, Frankie Jenna, Rachel Spurrell, Helen Walsh, Matt Wilman
Pas encore de video disponible pour ce spectacle


